In this paper, with emphasis on scheduling of head of crews for coach trains, a crew scheduling problem is presented in a network form with task arcs. To solve the problem, a meta heuristic algorithm based on grouping EVOLUTIONARY algorithm is developed. The grouping EVOLUTIONARY algorithm contains two search methods which generate offspring from a parent chromosome; one of these methods is based on a logic constraints heuristic algorithm, and the other one is relied on branch and bound approach. Computational results showed that combining grouping EVOLUTIONARY algorithm and branch and bound approach generates good solutions, and for the problems that we knew their optimal solutions accomplish optimal outcomes. It is also shown that the algorithm provides goods results for large scale real world problems.

EVOLUTIONARY altruism has been a serious problem for EVOLUTIONARY theory from its earliest times at mid-nineteen century. Group selection theory was its solution until 1960s.But at that time it was criticized so that it was no longer the solution to that problem. Since then theories put forward to solve the problem by individual and/or gene selection theories. Kin selection, reciprocal altruism, EVOLUTIONARY game theory, the selfish gene, and indirect reciprocity are the main theories of this sort. Altruism according to these theories is apparent not real. Multi-level selection theory is introduced since 1970s that defends "new" group selection theory. In addition cultural group selection theory has come into the field. Altruism according to these theories is real. I agree with the second type of theories that real altruism has been evolved. But perhaps more in agreement with the first type I see it in the "shadow" of EVOLUTIONARY egoism.

Innovations, commercialized by new or old established firms, located at the core of industrial renewal process. The innovation concept has suffered transformations, along with the evolution of the models that try to explain and understand the innovation process. The innovative process corresponds to all activities that generate technological changes and the dynamic interaction between them, not necessarily being novelties. Linier model, Chain-Linked Model and National Innovation Systems (NIS) Approach, are three models that have developed for innovation process. Innovation process can be viewed as EVOLUTIONARY process. One can recognize some mechanism for innovation evolution. These are grouped into two classes; those that increase configurations variation and those that decrease it. Emergence of knowledge, knowledge flow and recombination are the mechanism to increase variation of configuration. Internal and external selections are the mechanism to selecting. Innovation operators are EVOLUTIONARY operators that create new combinations of configuration and increase variation. This paper develops an EVOLUTIONARY cycle in innovation process and extends EVOLUTIONARY mechanisms of innovation.

Most differences in socio-economic opinions stem from misunderstanding the concept of “rationality. In this paper we present two different interpretation of rationality. We explain that “EVOLUTIONARY Rationality” is more conductive to development while “constructivist Rationality” divert attention from a free spontaneous market to socio economic engineering, thereby diverting development from its EVOLUTIONARY path

Example World that is mentioned in religious texts that limbo stage, the existence of world that, on the one hand because of the (low, quality, status, etc.) is a natural physical world and on the other hand because of diversion of matter, like the universe is a single mere. This world because of rank higher than the material world is the world of the aristocracy and causality, and this is where truths and creatures of example world, infinitely are higher and stronger than creatures of the material world, and this relationship continued between creatures of wisdom world and creatures in example world. the most serious problems after the deaths is the self-enrichment of after the demise and interruption of normal body element, and foundation of this discussion is existed of time and inexistence of it (time) in Purgatory. the evolution of purgatorial from the direction of traditional and logic of revelation is undisputed and obvious. In Islamic texts related to higher worlds hereafter, that humans backs before their, full of hints and tips at the evolution of the soul is in that world.